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I think primary school is the very first school a kid enters, as soon as he/she reached proper age of learning. (Maybe 1-2 years, sometimes 3 years.)
Then the kid will go to elementary school (like grades 1-4, 1-5 or 1-6 which depends on the country).
Then you have middle school (this is 2 years: so maybe this will be grades 5-7, 6-7, or 7-8)
The last (not counting college/undergrad school) will be the high school: which is the another 3/4 years. (For a 3 year plan: Junior high is the 2nd year, while senior high will be the 3rd year/graduating year) (For the 4 year plan: I think it's the Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, and Senior)
I hope this helps...
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Cram school would be like those businesses that tutor children except its more of a class room setting instead of one on one. Primary is basically same as what we would call it... Its just most people dont use terms like Primary and Secondary often unless they are in the Education field like teachers... something along the lines of "Just got my degree in primary education." or "I'm a Secondary Teacher" type of talk. The rest seems best explained with the chart shown on this site -> https://www.tokyo-icc.jp/guide_eng/educ/01.html
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You're probably thinking the American school system cause that's kinda how they started. As for other country's school systems like Japan, it's completely different. Other country's school system are set-up differently than the one's in the U.S.
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No problem. I had a friend who's Puerto Rican and he explained to me how the school system from his country differs from the U.S so their school system is almost like Japan's in a way.
it's confusing: Elementary school, primary school, junior high, middle school, high school that doesn't sound like the kind of high school I know, cram school. I never really know what grade anyone is in in manga. This is what I know: 1st - 8th grade = grade school. 9 - 12 = high school. ┑( ̄Д  ̄)┍